Thinking like a scientist
Students start the year asking questions about the world around them and learning how to look closely for answers. They notice patterns, sort objects, and talk about what they see.
This is the year students start acting like scientists about the world right in front of them. They ask questions about light and sound, watch how plants and animals grow, and notice patterns in the sky and weather. Students try simple experiments, draw what they see, and explain their thinking with pictures and words. By spring, they can describe how a parent animal helps its young survive and show a friend how to make a dark room a little brighter.
Students start the year asking questions about the world around them and learning how to look closely for answers. They notice patterns, sort objects, and talk about what they see.
Students explore how light helps us see, how sound is made by things that vibrate, and how pushes and pulls change the way objects move. Expect questions about flashlights, instruments, and rolling toys.
Students look at what living things need to grow and how baby plants and animals are like their parents. They compare a kitten to a cat or a seedling to a full plant.
Students watch how the sun, moon, and stars move across the sky and how the weather changes from day to day. They track patterns like sunrise, sunset, and the seasons.
Students take what they have learned and try to solve a small problem, like building a shade for a hot day or a tool that makes a sound. They test an idea, see what happens, and try again.
Students come up with questions about the natural world that can be tested, or describe a problem that could be fixed with a simple design. This is the starting point for science and engineering work.
Students draw or build simple models, like a picture of the sun and clouds, to show how something in nature works or how a design could solve a problem.
Students plan a simple experiment, gather information by watching or measuring, and use what they find to check whether an idea holds up.
Students look at simple data, like a tally chart or picture graph, and explain what it shows. They spot patterns, such as which group had more or which number showed up most often.
Students use counting, measuring, or simple number comparisons to support an idea about the natural world. A measurement or a tally helps back up what they observed.
Students look at what they observed or tested, then use that evidence to explain why something happened or figure out how to solve a problem.
Students look at two different explanations or solutions, pick the one the evidence supports, and say why. They back up their choice with what they observed or tested, not just a guess.
Students share what they learned from observations or simple experiments. They explain their findings in words or pictures so others can understand.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Asking Questions and Defining Problems | Students come up with questions about the natural world that can be tested, or describe a problem that could be fixed with a simple design. This is the starting point for science and engineering work. | DE-SCI.SEP.1.1 |
| Developing and Using Models | Students draw or build simple models, like a picture of the sun and clouds, to show how something in nature works or how a design could solve a problem. | DE-SCI.SEP.1.2 |
| Planning and Carrying Out Investigations | Students plan a simple experiment, gather information by watching or measuring, and use what they find to check whether an idea holds up. | DE-SCI.SEP.1.3 |
| Analyzing and Interpreting Data | Students look at simple data, like a tally chart or picture graph, and explain what it shows. They spot patterns, such as which group had more or which number showed up most often. | DE-SCI.SEP.1.4 |
| Mathematics and Computational Thinking | Students use counting, measuring, or simple number comparisons to support an idea about the natural world. A measurement or a tally helps back up what they observed. | DE-SCI.SEP.1.5 |
| Constructing Explanations | Students look at what they observed or tested, then use that evidence to explain why something happened or figure out how to solve a problem. | DE-SCI.SEP.1.6 |
| Engaging in Argument from Evidence | Students look at two different explanations or solutions, pick the one the evidence supports, and say why. They back up their choice with what they observed or tested, not just a guess. | DE-SCI.SEP.1.7 |
| Communicating Information | Students share what they learned from observations or simple experiments. They explain their findings in words or pictures so others can understand. | DE-SCI.SEP.1.8 |
Students observe and describe everyday materials like water, rocks, and soil to figure out what things are made of and how they change or interact.
Students push, pull, and release objects to see how force changes the way things move. They learn why some things stay still and others speed up, slow down, or change direction.
Students explore how energy shows up in everyday life as light, heat, sound, or motion, and notice that energy can move from one place to another without disappearing.
Students explore how waves move energy from place to place, like sound traveling through the air or ripples crossing a puddle. They also look at how waves carry information, the way a ringing phone sends a signal across a room.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Matter and Interactions | Students observe and describe everyday materials like water, rocks, and soil to figure out what things are made of and how they change or interact. | DE-SCI.PS.1.1 |
| Motion and Stability | Students push, pull, and release objects to see how force changes the way things move. They learn why some things stay still and others speed up, slow down, or change direction. | DE-SCI.PS.1.2 |
| Energy | Students explore how energy shows up in everyday life as light, heat, sound, or motion, and notice that energy can move from one place to another without disappearing. | DE-SCI.PS.1.3 |
| Waves and Information | Students explore how waves move energy from place to place, like sound traveling through the air or ripples crossing a puddle. They also look at how waves carry information, the way a ringing phone sends a signal across a room. | DE-SCI.PS.1.4 |
Students learn how living things are put together, from the tiny parts inside them to the bigger systems that keep them alive, like how a plant moves water from its roots to its leaves.
Students learn how living things in a place depend on each other for food and survival. They look at how animals eat plants or other animals, and how energy moves through a community of living things.
Students look at physical traits like eye color or leaf shape and figure out which ones were passed down from parents. They also notice how offspring can look similar to their parents but not exactly the same.
Students look at different plants and animals to find what they have in common and how they differ. Over time, living things slowly change to survive in their environment.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Structures and Processes | Students learn how living things are put together, from the tiny parts inside them to the bigger systems that keep them alive, like how a plant moves water from its roots to its leaves. | DE-SCI.LS.1.1 |
| Ecosystems | Students learn how living things in a place depend on each other for food and survival. They look at how animals eat plants or other animals, and how energy moves through a community of living things. | DE-SCI.LS.1.2 |
| Heredity | Students look at physical traits like eye color or leaf shape and figure out which ones were passed down from parents. They also notice how offspring can look similar to their parents but not exactly the same. | DE-SCI.LS.1.3 |
| Biological Evolution | Students look at different plants and animals to find what they have in common and how they differ. Over time, living things slowly change to survive in their environment. | DE-SCI.LS.1.4 |
Students learn where Earth sits in the solar system and how the sun, moon, and stars follow regular patterns in the sky. They also explore how Earth itself has changed over a very long time.
Students look at how land, water, air, and living things connect and affect each other. A rainstorm filling a river, or roots holding soil in place, are the kinds of interactions students explore.
Students look at how people change the land, water, and air around them, and what happens when storms, floods, or earthquakes disrupt daily life.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Earth's Place in the Universe | Students learn where Earth sits in the solar system and how the sun, moon, and stars follow regular patterns in the sky. They also explore how Earth itself has changed over a very long time. | DE-SCI.ESS.1.1 |
| Earth's Systems | Students look at how land, water, air, and living things connect and affect each other. A rainstorm filling a river, or roots holding soil in place, are the kinds of interactions students explore. | DE-SCI.ESS.1.2 |
| Earth and Human Activity | Students look at how people change the land, water, and air around them, and what happens when storms, floods, or earthquakes disrupt daily life. | DE-SCI.ESS.1.3 |
Students look at a problem, think up ways to fix it, then build and test their idea to see what works. If the first try falls short, they adjust and try again.
Students look at how inventions like bridges or phones change daily life, and how people's needs push engineers to build new things.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Engineering Design | Students look at a problem, think up ways to fix it, then build and test their idea to see what works. If the first try falls short, they adjust and try again. | DE-SCI.ETS.1.1 |
| Links Among Engineering, Technology, and Society | Students look at how inventions like bridges or phones change daily life, and how people's needs push engineers to build new things. | DE-SCI.ETS.1.2 |
Federally administered sample-based assessment in reading, mathematics, science, and writing. NAEP results inform state-by-state comparisons rather than individual student or school accountability.
Students spend a lot of time watching, asking questions, and trying things out. They look at plants, animals, weather, light, sound, and how objects move. Most of the learning happens through hands-on activities, not reading from a textbook.
Go outside and notice things together. Watch how shadows move during the day, what birds eat in the yard, or how ice melts in a cup. Asking questions like 'What do you notice?' and 'Why do you think that happens?' does more than any worksheet.
Not at this age. The point is learning to observe carefully, ask good questions, and explain ideas using what they saw. Vocabulary will come, but curiosity and careful looking matter more right now.
Most teachers anchor each quarter in one area: living things, weather and sky, motion and sound, and a short engineering unit. The science practices like asking questions, observing, and explaining run through every unit, not just one.
Students can describe what they saw in an investigation, compare two things, and offer a simple reason for why something happened. They can also draw a labeled picture to show an idea, like the parts of a plant or the path of a rolling ball.
Yes. Sorting leaves, building a ramp, or watching a puddle dry is how scientists at this age gather evidence. The learning shows up when students talk about what they noticed and start predicting what will happen next time.
Cause and effect trips students up, especially with weather and motion. Many will say 'it just happened' instead of pointing to a reason. Pushing for 'because' answers and modeling how to use evidence in talk pays off across every unit.