Asking questions like a scientist
Students start the year learning how scientists work. They ask questions about the world around them, sketch what they notice, and try simple tests to find answers.
This is the year students start acting like scientists instead of just watching the world go by. Students ask their own questions, try small experiments, and look for patterns in what they see. They study how things move, how plants and animals grow, and how weather and land shape the places around them. By spring, students can plan a simple test, record what happens, and explain their thinking with the evidence they gathered.
Students start the year learning how scientists work. They ask questions about the world around them, sketch what they notice, and try simple tests to find answers.
Students explore what things are made of and how they change when heated, cooled, or mixed. They also push, pull, and roll objects to see how forces make things speed up, slow down, or stop.
Students look closely at living things and where they live. They compare how plants and animals get what they need, and notice how baby animals and parents are alike and different.
Students track patterns in the sky and the weather. They map land and water around them, watch how wind and rain shape the ground, and talk about ways people can take care of the planet.
Students act like engineers. They name a small problem, sketch a few ideas, build a simple solution from everyday materials, and test it to see what works and what to fix.
Students come up with questions about the world that can be tested with an experiment, or identify a problem that could be fixed by building something new.
Students draw or build a simple model, like a diagram of the water cycle or a sketch of a bridge design, to show how something works. The model helps explain an idea they cannot easily see or test directly.
Students plan a simple test, collect information from it, and use what they find to check whether their idea holds up.
Students look at data from investigations and find patterns in it. They might notice that plants in more sunlight grew taller, then use that pattern to explain what happened.
Students use counting, measuring, and simple math to back up what they notice in a science activity. A measurement or a number helps explain why something happened.
Students take something they observed or tested and explain why it happened, using what they saw as proof. They also use that evidence to come up with a fix or a better way to do something.
Students look at two different explanations or solutions, then use what they observed or tested to make a case for which one works better.
Students gather facts from books, videos, or simple experiments, then decide what the information means and share what they found with others.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Asking Questions and Defining Problems | Students come up with questions about the world that can be tested with an experiment, or identify a problem that could be fixed by building something new. | DE-SCI.SEP.2.1 |
| Developing and Using Models | Students draw or build a simple model, like a diagram of the water cycle or a sketch of a bridge design, to show how something works. The model helps explain an idea they cannot easily see or test directly. | DE-SCI.SEP.2.2 |
| Planning and Carrying Out Investigations | Students plan a simple test, collect information from it, and use what they find to check whether their idea holds up. | DE-SCI.SEP.2.3 |
| Analyzing and Interpreting Data | Students look at data from investigations and find patterns in it. They might notice that plants in more sunlight grew taller, then use that pattern to explain what happened. | DE-SCI.SEP.2.4 |
| Mathematics and Computational Thinking | Students use counting, measuring, and simple math to back up what they notice in a science activity. A measurement or a number helps explain why something happened. | DE-SCI.SEP.2.5 |
| Constructing Explanations | Students take something they observed or tested and explain why it happened, using what they saw as proof. They also use that evidence to come up with a fix or a better way to do something. | DE-SCI.SEP.2.6 |
| Engaging in Argument from Evidence | Students look at two different explanations or solutions, then use what they observed or tested to make a case for which one works better. | DE-SCI.SEP.2.7 |
| Communicating Information | Students gather facts from books, videos, or simple experiments, then decide what the information means and share what they found with others. | DE-SCI.SEP.2.8 |
Students explore how materials look, feel, and behave to figure out what they are made of. They observe solids, liquids, and gases up close and explain what causes everyday physical changes like melting or mixing.
Students push, pull, and observe how objects speed up, slow down, or stay still. They learn why a ball rolls farther on a smooth floor than a rough one, and what it takes to stop it.
Students explore how energy shows up in everyday forms like light, heat, and sound, and how it can move from one object to another. They learn that energy doesn't disappear when it changes form.
Students explore how waves, like sound and light, move energy from place to place. They learn how waves carry information too, the way a ringing phone or a flashing light sends a signal.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Matter and Interactions | Students explore how materials look, feel, and behave to figure out what they are made of. They observe solids, liquids, and gases up close and explain what causes everyday physical changes like melting or mixing. | DE-SCI.PS.2.1 |
| Motion and Stability | Students push, pull, and observe how objects speed up, slow down, or stay still. They learn why a ball rolls farther on a smooth floor than a rough one, and what it takes to stop it. | DE-SCI.PS.2.2 |
| Energy | Students explore how energy shows up in everyday forms like light, heat, and sound, and how it can move from one object to another. They learn that energy doesn't disappear when it changes form. | DE-SCI.PS.2.3 |
| Waves and Information | Students explore how waves, like sound and light, move energy from place to place. They learn how waves carry information too, the way a ringing phone or a flashing light sends a signal. | DE-SCI.PS.2.4 |
Students look closely at living things, from the tiny parts that make up their bodies to the bigger systems that keep them alive, like how a plant moves water from its roots to its leaves.
Students learn how plants, animals, and other living things in a place depend on each other for food and energy. They look at what happens when one part of that community changes.
Students look at traits like eye color, hair color, or leaf shape and figure out which ones were passed down from parents. They also notice which traits vary even within the same family or plant species.
Living things share basic traits like needing food, water, and air, but they also come in a huge variety of shapes, sizes, and behaviors. Students look at how those differences help animals and plants survive in their surroundings.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Structures and Processes | Students look closely at living things, from the tiny parts that make up their bodies to the bigger systems that keep them alive, like how a plant moves water from its roots to its leaves. | DE-SCI.LS.2.1 |
| Ecosystems | Students learn how plants, animals, and other living things in a place depend on each other for food and energy. They look at what happens when one part of that community changes. | DE-SCI.LS.2.2 |
| Heredity | Students look at traits like eye color, hair color, or leaf shape and figure out which ones were passed down from parents. They also notice which traits vary even within the same family or plant species. | DE-SCI.LS.2.3 |
| Biological Evolution | Living things share basic traits like needing food, water, and air, but they also come in a huge variety of shapes, sizes, and behaviors. Students look at how those differences help animals and plants survive in their surroundings. | DE-SCI.LS.2.4 |
Students study where Earth sits in space and how the sun, moon, and planets move in predictable patterns. They also look at how Earth itself has changed over a long stretch of time.
Students learn that Earth is made of connected layers and systems: the ground beneath them, the water around them, the air above them, and all living things. They explore how those systems affect each other.
Students look at how people change the land, water, and air around them, and at how storms, floods, and other natural events affect where and how people live.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Earth's Place in the Universe | Students study where Earth sits in space and how the sun, moon, and planets move in predictable patterns. They also look at how Earth itself has changed over a long stretch of time. | DE-SCI.ESS.2.1 |
| Earth's Systems | Students learn that Earth is made of connected layers and systems: the ground beneath them, the water around them, the air above them, and all living things. They explore how those systems affect each other. | DE-SCI.ESS.2.2 |
| Earth and Human Activity | Students look at how people change the land, water, and air around them, and at how storms, floods, and other natural events affect where and how people live. | DE-SCI.ESS.2.3 |
Students identify a problem, come up with a solution, then test and improve their design until it works better. It's the same process engineers use to build bridges, toys, or anything that has to hold up in the real world.
Students explore how inventions change daily life and how everyday needs push engineers to build new things. A new tool can shape how people live, and how people live shapes what tools get built next.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Engineering Design | Students identify a problem, come up with a solution, then test and improve their design until it works better. It's the same process engineers use to build bridges, toys, or anything that has to hold up in the real world. | DE-SCI.ETS.2.1 |
| Links Among Engineering, Technology, and Society | Students explore how inventions change daily life and how everyday needs push engineers to build new things. A new tool can shape how people live, and how people live shapes what tools get built next. | DE-SCI.ETS.2.2 |
Federally administered sample-based assessment in reading, mathematics, science, and writing. NAEP results inform state-by-state comparisons rather than individual student or school accountability.
Students ask questions about the world around them and try to answer those questions by looking, sorting, testing, and talking about what they notice. They study materials and how things move, plants and animals and where they live, and patterns in the sky, weather, and land.
Wonder out loud together. On a walk, ask what a plant needs to grow there, why a puddle dries up, or where a shadow goes. Five minutes of noticing and guessing builds the same habits students use in class.
Most teachers anchor each quarter to one area: materials and motion, living things and habitats, Earth and weather, and a design challenge that pulls the rest together. Practices like asking questions, gathering data, and explaining with evidence run through every unit, not just one.
Students can ask a testable question, plan a simple investigation, collect data by counting or measuring, and explain what the data shows. They can also describe basic patterns in matter, living things, and Earth using evidence from what they observed.
Resist giving the answer. Ask what they already noticed and what they could try or look up to find out more. Hand them a magnifier, a measuring cup, or a flashlight and let them test an idea before talking about why it happened.
Fair tests trip students up. They want to change three things at once, then can't tell which change mattered. Plan extra time for keeping one thing the same while changing another, and for recording data in a simple table before drawing a conclusion.
Memorizing word lists is not the goal. Students should be able to use words like material, force, habitat, and weather when they describe what they saw or did. The understanding comes first, and the word sticks because it has a job.
Students define a small problem, sketch a possible fix, build it from simple materials, test it, and improve it. A bridge that holds more pennies, a cup that keeps water warmer, or a ramp that rolls a ball farther all count as real engineering work at this age.
Listen for explanations that include evidence: I think it sank because it was heavier than the water it pushed out of the way. Students ready for next year can ask a question, test it in a simple way, and back up an answer with what they saw.