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What does a student learn in ?

This is the year students step into early American history and start working like historians. Students trace the story from European exploration through the founding of Jamestown and Plymouth, the growth of colonial Louisiana, the American Revolution, and the writing of the Constitution. They also learn to weigh primary sources, sort fact from interpretation, and back up claims with evidence. By spring, students can explain why the colonists broke from Britain and how the Constitution set up the government we still use today.

  • Colonial America
  • Colonial Louisiana
  • American Revolution
  • Constitution
  • Working with sources
  • Slavery and the Middle Passage
Source: Louisiana Louisiana Student Standards
Year at a glance
How the year usually goes. Every school and district set their own curriculum, so treat this as a guide, not official pacing.
  1. 1

    How historians work

    Students learn to think like historians. They tell apart different kinds of sources, weigh who wrote them and why, and start backing up what they say with evidence from real documents.

  2. 2

    Exploration and early colonies

    Students follow European powers across the Atlantic and into North America. They study why people came, who was already here, and how Jamestown and Plymouth set patterns that shaped the colonies for the next century.

  3. 3

    Colonial life and colonial Louisiana

    Students look at daily life across the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies, including the lives of enslaved Africans brought through the Middle Passage. They also trace how French and Spanish rule shaped early Louisiana.

  4. 4

    Road to revolution

    Students trace the arguments and events that pushed the colonies toward war with Britain, from new taxes to the Boston Tea Party. They weigh Patriot and Loyalist views and follow the war through key battles to the Treaty of Paris.

  5. 5

    Building a new government

    Students study how the young country moved from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution. They look at the debates at the Constitutional Convention, the Bill of Rights, and the three branches of government still in place today.

Mastery Learning Standards
The required skills a student should display by the end of Grade 6.
Skills and Practices
  • Examine sources in order to

    6-8.SP1

    Reading a primary source, a map, or a data chart is just the starting point. Students dig into where it came from, who made it, and why, so they can decide how much to trust what it says.

  • distinguish between primary, secondary

    6-8.SP1.a

    Students learn to tell apart firsthand sources (a diary, a letter, a photo) from secondhand accounts (a textbook or article) and reference works that summarize both. Knowing the difference helps students judge how close a source is to the original event.

  • determine the origin, author's point of view, intended audience

    6-8.SP1.b

    Students look at a source and ask who made it, why they made it, and whether it can be trusted. That kind of questioning helps students decide how much weight to give a source before using it as evidence.

  • explain the meaning of words, phrases

    6-8.SP1.c

    Students read primary and secondary sources and explain what key words and subject-specific terms mean in context. They focus on how word choice shapes the meaning of historical or civic texts.

  • Use a variety of primary and secondary sources to

    6-8.SP2

    Students read firsthand accounts, photographs, maps, and encyclopedia-style summaries side by side to piece together what actually happened and why.

  • analyze social studies content

    6-8.SP2.a

    Reading a primary source (like a letter or speech) alongside a textbook or article, students practice pulling out facts, spotting bias, and building an argument about what happened and why.

  • evaluate claims, counterclaims

    6-8.SP2.b

    Students read sources from different viewpoints and decide which claims hold up, which ones don't, and why the evidence matters.

  • compare and contrast multiple sources and accounts

    6-8.SP2.c

    Students look at two or more sources covering the same event or topic, then identify where those sources agree and where they tell a different story.

  • distinguish between historical facts and historical interpretations

    6-8.SP2.d

    Students learn to separate what actually happened (a date, a law, a battle) from how historians explain why it happened or what it meant. Reading the same event through multiple sources helps students spot the difference.

  • Construct and express claims that are supported with relevant evidence from…

    6-8.SP3

    Students write an argument about a history or civics topic and back it up with facts from real sources, like a document, a map, or a textbook. The claim has to make sense on its own, not just state an opinion.

  • demonstrate an understanding of social studies content

    6-8.SP3.a

    Students back a claim about a historical or social topic with facts from real sources and explain how those facts support their point.

  • compare and contrast content and viewpoints

    6-8.SP3.b

    Students read two sources on the same topic and explain what they agree on, what they differ on, and why those differences might exist.

  • analyze causes and effects

    6-8.SP3.c

    Students trace why an event happened and what changed because of it, using sources and facts to back up each step in the explanation.

  • explain counterclaims

    6-8.SP3.d

    Students practice arguing both sides of an issue. They identify the strongest objection to their own position and explain why it matters, even if they disagree with it.

Grade 6: The United States and Louisiana: Beginnings Through Ratification
  • Explain ideas, events

    6.1

    Students trace how American life, government, and conflict shifted from the first English settlements in the 1580s through the writing of the Constitution in 1791, explaining what changed, what stayed the same, and why.

  • Analyze connections between ideas, events

    6.2

    Students trace how events happening in Europe, Africa, and the Americas shaped early American history. They look at how trade, conflict, and political ideas crossed borders to influence what became the United States.

  • Compare and contrast events and developments in U.S

    6.3

    Students look at two or more events from early American history, side by side, and explain what was similar and what was different. The focus spans from the first English settlements through the writing of the Constitution.

  • Use geographic representations and historical data to analyze events and…

    6.4

    Students read maps, graphs, and primary sources to explain how geography, trade, and politics shaped early America from the first European settlements through the writing of the Constitution.

  • Use maps to identify absolute location

    6.5

    Students practice reading latitude and longitude coordinates on a map to pinpoint exact locations in Louisiana and beyond, then describe what those places are actually like: the landforms, climate, and water nearby.

  • Use a variety of primary and secondary sources to

    6.6

    Students read firsthand accounts, photographs, maps, and history books together to piece together what actually happened in the past.

  • Analyze social studies content

    6.6.a

    Students read original documents, maps, photographs, and written accounts from historians to understand people, places, and events in American and Louisiana history.

  • Evaluate claims, counterclaims

    6.6.b

    Students read arguments about a historical topic, weigh the evidence on each side, and decide which claims hold up and which fall apart.

  • Compare and contrast multiple sources and accounts

    6.6.c

    Students read two or more sources on the same event or topic, then explain where those sources agree, where they differ, and why that might matter.

  • Explain how the availability of sources affects historical interpretations

    6.6.d

    When historians have only a few letters, maps, or records left from an event, their version of what happened is shaped by those gaps. Students learn why two accounts of the same moment can differ based on what survived.

  • Construct and express claims that are supported with relevant evidence from…

    6.7

    Students write a history argument and back it up with real evidence from sources like letters, maps, or textbooks. The claim has to make sense, and the supporting details have to come from actual historical documents or accounts.

  • Demonstrate an understanding of social studies content

    6.7.a

    Students write a claim about U.S. or Louisiana history and back it up with facts drawn from real sources, like letters, maps, or textbooks. The writing shows they understand the history, not just that they read it.

  • Compare and contrast content and viewpoints

    6.7.b

    Students read two sources on the same event or topic, then explain what those sources agree on, where they differ, and why each author might see things differently.

  • Analyze causes and effects

    6.7.c

    Students trace what triggered a historical event and what changed because of it, using sources and evidence to explain the connection between the two.

  • Evaluate counterclaims

    6.7.d

    Students read an argument and identify the strongest objection to it, then explain why that objection does or does not hold up against the evidence.

  • Analyze European exploration and colonization of North America

    6.8

    Students examine why European nations sent explorers to North America and what happened when settlers followed. They look at how those early colonies took shape and what that meant for the people already living there.

  • Explain the significance of the land claims made in North America by European…

    6.8.a

    After 1600, several European countries claimed large parts of North America as their own. Students explain how those competing land claims reshaped the lives of Native Americans who already lived there.

  • Compare and contrast the motivations, challenges

    6.8.b

    Students compare why the British, Dutch, French, and Spanish came to North America, what stopped them, and what they built. Each country had different goals, from finding gold to escaping religious rules to starting fresh.

  • Analyze the development of the settlements and colonies in the late sixteenth…

    6.9

    Students examine how early European settlements took root in North America during the 1500s and 1600s, looking at why colonies were founded, who settled them, and how those communities changed over time.

  • Explain the importance of the founding and development of Jamestown, including…

    6.9.a

    Jamestown was England's first lasting American settlement. Students explain why it mattered, including how it created one of the earliest forms of self-government, allowed settlers to own land, and marked the start of slavery in English America.

  • Explain the importance of the founding and development of the Plymouth…

    6.9.b

    Students learn why Plymouth Colony mattered: how the Mayflower Compact gave settlers a say in their own rules, how religious freedom shaped the colony's purpose, and how Squanto, Chief Massasoit, and William Bradford helped it survive.

  • Compare and contrast the New England, Middle

    6.9.c

    Students compare the three colonial regions of early America, looking at how the land, faith, schooling, trade, and local government differed from New England down to the Southern colonies.

  • Explain the contributions of key individuals and groups to the foundation of…

    6.9.d

    Students learn who actually built the early colonies, from Pilgrim leaders like William Bradford to figures like Pocahontas and John Rolfe, and explain what each person or group did to shape colonial life in America.

  • Identify the locations of the colonies and lands inhabited by Native Americans

    6.9.e

    Students learn why early colonies and Native American settlements were built where they were, and how the land, climate, and nearby resources shaped how each place grew and changed over time.

  • Analyze the causes, interactions

    6.9.f

    Students learn how goods, people, and ships moved in a triangle between Africa, the Americas, and Europe, and why it mattered. The focus is on the forced transportation of enslaved Africans and what those people endured crossing the Atlantic.

  • Explain the experiences and perspectives of various people groups living in…

    6.9.g

    Colonial America included people with very different lives. Students learn who those people were, from wealthy landowners and farmers to enslaved people and Native Americans, and what daily life looked like for each group.

  • Analyze cooperation, competition

    6.9.h

    Students study how European groups and Native Americans in early North America sometimes traded and worked together, and sometimes fought. They look at specific events like the 1621 harvest celebration, the fur trade, and two colonial wars to see what caused cooperation or conflict.

  • Analyze the growth and development of colonial Louisiana

    6.10

    Students trace how colonial Louisiana grew from early French settlements into a more established society, including how different groups of people arrived, who held power, and how daily life changed over time.

  • Explain the significance of events that influenced pre-colonial and colonial…

    6.10.a

    Students learn why key moments in Louisiana's early history mattered, from the founding of its first towns to the treaties that quietly handed the colony from France to Spain and back again.

  • Describe the factors that influenced migration within and to Louisiana by…

    6.10.b

    Different groups came to Louisiana for different reasons: land, trade, exile, or survival. Students trace where each group came from, why they moved, and how French, Spanish, African, Acadian, and other settlers shaped the culture Louisiana still has today.

  • Describe the characteristics of colonial Louisiana, including physical…

    6.10.c

    Colonial Louisiana took shape around the Mississippi River, where geography, climate, and trade all pushed the colony in the same direction. Students examine how the land, weather, economy, and early government worked together to build the Louisiana that existed before statehood.

  • Explain the influence of France and Spain on government in Louisiana, with an…

    6.10.d

    French and Spanish rulers shaped how Louisiana was governed, from the laws that controlled enslaved people to the rules that still influence Louisiana courts today. Students trace how specific leaders and legal codes left a mark that outlasted colonial rule.

  • Describe the contributions and achievements of Gens de Couleur Libres in…

    6.10.e

    Gens de Couleur Libres were free people of color who built businesses, owned property, and shaped the culture of colonial Louisiana. Students examine who they were and why their contributions still show up in Louisiana's history today.

  • Compare and contrast French and Spanish colonial Louisiana and colonial…

    6.10.f

    Students compare how life in French-ruled Louisiana differed from Spanish-ruled Louisiana, then weigh both against the British colonies along the East Coast. They look at who governed, who settled, and how each colony was run.

  • Analyze the causes, course

    6.11

    Students trace what pushed the colonies toward war with Britain, how the fighting unfolded, and what changed once independence was won.

  • Analyze the historical and religious factors that influenced the development of…

    6.11.a

    Students trace where American ideas about government came from, including Greek democracy, Roman law, English rights documents, and Enlightenment thinkers who argued that people, not kings, should hold power.

  • Explain the causes and effects of the French and Indian War

    6.11.b

    Students learn why Britain and France fought over North American land in the mid-1700s, and how Britain's war debt from that conflict led directly to the taxes that pushed colonists toward revolution.

  • Analyze the role and importance of key events and developments leading to the…

    6.11.c

    Students trace the chain of events that pushed the colonies toward independence, from British taxes and trade laws in the 1760s to the standoff at Boston and the formation of the Continental Congress.

  • Explain how key ideas expressed in historical works influenced the American…

    6.11.d

    Students read real speeches and pamphlets from the 1770s and explain how phrases like "all men are created equal" and "no taxation without representation" pushed colonists toward breaking from Britain.

  • Explain efforts to mobilize support for the American Revolution by individuals…

    6.11.e

    Groups like the Sons of Liberty and the Minutemen worked to build public support for breaking from Britain. Students learn how figures like Samuel Adams and Paul Revere organized ordinary colonists into a movement for independence.

  • Compare and contrast viewpoints of Loyalists and Patriots

    6.11.f

    Students read real arguments from the Revolution and compare what Loyalists believed about staying under British rule with what Patriots believed about breaking from it. Then students decide which side made the stronger case.

  • Compare and contrast the American colonies and British in the American…

    6.11.g

    Students compare what the American colonists and the British each had going for them in the Revolutionary War: their leaders, armies, allies, and supplies. Then students weigh which advantages and disadvantages shaped how the war unfolded.

  • Explain the significance and outcome of key battles and turning points during…

    6.11.h

    Students trace the path of the American Revolution battle by battle, from the opening shots at Lexington and Concord to the final surrender at Yorktown, explaining why each turning point changed the direction of the war and led to the Treaty of Paris.

  • Explain the contributions of women to the American Revolution, including those…

    6.11.i

    Women played active roles in the American Revolution as writers, soldiers, and organizers. Students study figures like Abigail Adams, Phillis Wheatley, and Deborah Sampson to understand what women actually did during the war.

  • Explain the role of Spain and Spanish colonial Louisiana during the American…

    6.11.j

    Spain quietly joined the American Revolution on the colonists' side. Students learn how Louisiana's Spanish governor, Bernardo de Galvez, led forces against the British at Lake Pontchartrain and Baton Rouge in 1779, and what those battles meant for the colony.

  • Explain the role of espionage during the American Revolution, including the…

    6.11.k

    Spies shaped the outcome of the American Revolution. Students study how colonists and the British used secret agents to gather information, and they examine the real people on both sides, from Nathan Hale and James Armistead Lafayette to the traitor Benedict Arnold.

  • Analyze the development of the U.S

    6.12

    Students trace how the U.S. went from a loose agreement between states to a working national government. They look at the debates, compromises, and decisions that produced the Constitution and got it approved.

  • Explain the purpose and importance of the Articles of Confederation

    6.12.a

    The Articles of Confederation was America's first attempt at a national rulebook after independence. Students explain why the founders created it, what problems it was meant to solve, and why it mattered before the Constitution replaced it.

  • Describe the development of various state Constitutions

    6.12.b

    Early state governments wrote their own constitutions after independence, but abolitionists like Olaudah Equiano, Benjamin Banneker, and Elizabeth Freeman pushed those governments to confront slavery. Students learn how that pressure shaped the rules states put on paper.

  • Explain the ideas and events leading to the ratification of the Constitution of…

    6.12.c

    After the Revolution, the new government kept breaking down. Students learn why the Articles of Confederation failed, how Shays' Rebellion exposed those weaknesses, and what changes led to the Constitution being approved.

  • Evaluate the major issues debated at the Constitutional Convention, including…

    6.12.d

    Students examine the major arguments at the Constitutional Convention: how power would be split between the national and state governments, how large and small states would share representation in Congress, and how the delegates handled the question of slavery.

  • Explain how the ideas of leading figures and Founding Fathers contributed to…

    6.12.e

    Students learn what specific Founders like Madison, Hamilton, and Jefferson each argued for at the Constitutional Convention and how those arguments shaped the government's final design.

  • Explain the importance of ideas expressed in the Preamble to the Constitution…

    6.12.f

    Students read the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution and explain what it says government is supposed to do and why citizens, not a king, hold the power to govern themselves.

  • Explain the significance of the Commerce Clause, including its role in…

    6.12.g

    The Commerce Clause gave Congress the power to regulate trade between states and with Native American tribes. This made the federal government, not individual states, responsible for managing the relationship between the U.S. government and Native peoples.

  • Evaluate the arguments of Federalists and Anti-Federalists on the ratification…

    6.12.h

    Students read the actual debates from 1787 and weigh both sides: those who wanted a strong national government and those who feared it would take too much power away from states and ordinary people.

  • Explain how and why the Constitution of the United States was amended to…

    6.12.i

    Students learn why the Founders added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution and what each of the first ten amendments actually protects, from freedom of speech and religion to the right to a fair trial.

  • Analyze the key principles of government established by the Constitution of the…

    6.12.j

    The U.S. Constitution sets the rules for how the government works. Students study its core ideas: why power is split between federal and state governments, how courts can strike down laws, and why no person or branch of government is above the law.

  • Explain the structure and processes of the United States government as outlined…

    6.12.k

    The U.S. Constitution set up three branches of government and spelled out how each one works. Students explain how a bill becomes a law and what it takes to officially change the Constitution.

  • Explain the structure, powers

    6.12.l

    Students learn how Congress, the President, and the courts each work, what power each branch holds, and what it takes to serve in those roles.

Common Questions
  • What does sixth grade social studies cover this year?

    Students study early American history from about 1580 to 1791, including European exploration, the thirteen colonies, colonial Louisiana, the American Revolution, and the writing of the Constitution. They also learn how to read historical sources and back up their ideas with evidence.

  • How can families help students at home?

    Ask students to tell the story of something they studied that week, like the Boston Tea Party or the founding of New Orleans. Five minutes of retelling at dinner builds the habit of explaining events in order with reasons. Visiting a local historical site or museum also helps.

  • My child says history is just memorising dates. Is that what this is?

    Dates matter, but the bigger work is explaining why things happened and how one event led to another. Students are expected to compare viewpoints, weigh evidence, and back up claims. Memorising a timeline helps, but it is not the whole job.

  • What does a primary source mean, and why does it keep coming up?

    A primary source is something made at the time, like a letter, a speech, a map, or a painting. Students learn to ask who made it, why, and how trustworthy it is. At home, looking at an old family photo and asking those same questions is good practice.

  • How should the year be sequenced?

    Most teachers move in rough chronological order: exploration and early colonies, then colonial Louisiana woven in, then the road to revolution, the war itself, and finally the Articles of Confederation through ratification. Source-analysis skills are taught alongside content rather than as a separate unit.

  • Which topics usually need the most reteaching?

    The causes of the Revolution tend to blur together, especially the sequence of acts and protests from 1763 to 1775. The Constitutional Convention compromises and the Federalist and Anti-Federalist debate also need a second pass. Plan extra time for both.

  • How does colonial Louisiana fit with the rest of the year?

    Louisiana content works well as a parallel thread to the British colonies, so students can compare French and Spanish rule with what was happening on the Atlantic coast. Bringing in Bienville, the Code Noir, and Galvez's role in the Revolution ties the state story into the national one.

  • What does mastery look like by the end of the year?

    By spring, students should be able to write a short claim about a historical question, support it with evidence from at least two sources, and address a counterclaim. They should also be able to explain how the Constitution sets up the three branches and protects individual rights.

  • How do I know students are ready for seventh grade?

    Look for students who can read a short primary source, identify the author and purpose, and use a quote from it in their own writing. They should also be able to explain cause and effect across several events, not just define terms one at a time.