What does a student learn in StateNew Mexico,GradeGrade 9,SubjectSocial Studies?

Construct Compelling and Supporting Questions

Create compelling questions representing key ideas within the disciplines.

Develop supporting questions that contribute to an inquiry and demonstrate how, through engaging source work, new compelling and supporting questions emerge.

Gather and Evaluate Sources

Gather relevant information from multiple sources representing a wide range of views while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection.

Evaluate the credibility of a source by examining how experts value the source.

Develop Claims

Identify evidence that draws information directly and substantively from multiple sources to detect inconsistencies in evidence in order to revise or strengthen claims.

Refine claims and counterclaims attending to precision, significance, and knowledge conveyed through the claim while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both.

Communicate and Critique Conclusions

Construct arguments using precise and knowledgeable claims, with evidence from multiple sources, while acknowledging counterclaims and evidentiary weaknesses.

Construct explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples, and details with significant and pertinent information and data, while acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of the explanations given their purpose.

Present adaptations of arguments and explanations that feature evocative ideas and perspectives on issues and topics to reach a range of audiences and venues outside the classroom using print and oral technologies and digital technologies.

Critique the use of claims and evidence in arguments for credibility.

Take Informed Action

Use disciplinary and interdisciplinary lenses to understand the characteristics and causes of local, regional, and global problems; instances of such problems in multiple contexts; and challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address these problems over time and place.

Apply a range of deliberative and democratic strategies and procedures to make decisions and take action in their classrooms, schools, and out-of-school contexts.

Civic and Political Institutions

Distinguish the powers and responsibilities of local, state, Indigenous, national, and international civic and political institutions.

Develop claims about the purpose, processes, strengths, and weaknesses of the U.S. government.

Evaluate efforts to adapt and redesign the U.S. Constitution and political institutions over time.

Analyze the role of groups without formal decision-making power in influencing change in the U.S. government.

Evaluate multiple sources and cite evidence investigating the relationships between equality, equity, justice, freedom, human rights, and order in U.S. representative democracy.

Investigate relationships among governments, civil societies, and economic markets.

Distinguish historical and current types and systems of government in the United States and in diverse regions in the world.

Use data and evidence from multiple perspectives related to federal policy toward Indigenous groups to develop an understanding of Indigenous/U.S. relations over time.

Evaluate the way America's the United States' founding principles and constitutional structures have influenced initiatives and revisions to foreign policy over time.

Research multiple sources to think critically about how the United States conducts itself in international relations and how international standards affect U.S. domestic policy.

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Analyze the U.S. Constitution and its founding principles.

Evaluate procedures for making governmental decisions at the local, state, national, and international levels in terms of the civic purposes achieved.

Evaluate sources to determine how people use and challenge local, state, national, and international laws to address a variety of public issues.

Evaluate public policies in terms of intended and unintended outcomes and related consequences.

Analyze historical, contemporary, and emerging means of changing societies, promoting the common good and protecting civil and human rights.

Evaluate the U.S. justice system over time and its impacts on policy, society, economics, and individual rights.

Explain the unique features and processes of New Mexico's constitution.

Evaluate the contributions of New Mexico's diverse populations to its governmental structure and outcomes.

Investigate challenges and opportunities within and between different government entities in New Mexico.

Civic Dispositions and Democratic Principles

Analyze the impact and the appropriate roles of personal interests and perspectives on the application of civic virtues, democratic principles, constitutional rights, and human rights.

Analyze civic virtues and principles, governance, and the role of the people in creating a government "of the people, by the people, and for the people" at all levels of government.

Apply civic dispositions and democratic principles when working with others.

Analyze founding documents and their impact on national unity over time.

Evaluate the tensions between personal interests, different cultural groups, and civic responsibilities or the common good over time.

Roles and Responsibilities of a Civic Life

Participate in civil discourse to promote greater understanding around historical, contemporary, and future opportunities and obstacles.

Use historical data and evidence related to various actors' interests and motivations to determine their influence on contemporary issues.

Evaluate how fundamental U.S. principles have been interpreted over time and how they currently shape policy debates.

Develop strategies for evaluating multiple perspectives about current events and policy issues.

Analyze historic inequalities and evaluate proposed solutions to correct them.

Apply an effective questioning strategy to evaluate sources intended to inform the public and consider the effects of choices made by media organizations (including internet social platforms) on elections and social movements.

Evaluate sources and determine potential bias in the media and how that impacts government decision making.

Evaluate the effects of diverse ideologies and the process of political socialization on oneself and society.

Analyze rights and obligations of citizens of the United States.

Critique leadership strategies through past and present examples of change-makers.

Plan and demonstrate some ways in which an active citizen can effect change in the community, state, nation, or world.

Evaluate citizens' and institutions' effectiveness in addressing social and political problems at the local, state, tribal, national, and international government.

Take informed action to improve your community.

Construct Compelling and Supporting Questions

Create compelling questions representing key ideas within the disciplines.

Develop supporting questions that contribute to an inquiry and demonstrate how, through engaging source work, new compelling and supporting questions emerge.

Gather and Evaluate Sources

Gather relevant information from multiple sources representing a wide range of views while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection.

Evaluate the credibility of a source by examining how experts value the source.

Develop Claims

Identify evidence that draws information directly and substantively from multiple sources to detect inconsistencies in evidence in order to revise or strengthen claims.

Refine claims and counterclaims attending to precision, significance, and knowledge conveyed through the claim while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both.

Communicate and Critique Conclusions

Construct arguments using precise and knowledgeable claims, with evidence from multiple sources, while acknowledging counterclaims and evidentiary weaknesses.

Construct explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples, and details with significant and pertinent information and data, while acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of the explanations given their purpose.

Present adaptations of arguments and explanations that feature evocative ideas and perspectives on issues and topics to reach a range of audiences and venues outside the classroom using print and oral technologies and digital technologies.

Critique the use of claims and evidence in arguments for credibility.

Take Informed Action

Use disciplinary and interdisciplinary lenses to understand the characteristics and causes of local, regional, and global problems; instances of such problems in multiple contexts; and challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address these problems over time and place.

Apply a range of deliberative and democratic strategies and procedures to make decisions and take action in their classrooms, schools, and out-of-school contexts.

Economic Decision Making

Apply understanding of economic concepts and systems to analyze decision making and the interactions between consumers, business, government, and societies.

Gather and evaluate sources to explain the relationship between economic decisions and environmental consequences.

Use cost-benefit analysis and marginal analysis to evaluate an economic issue.

Evaluate how economic principles influence choices and can produce varied outcomes for different individuals or groups.

Evaluate the market value of income earned through wages and other activities associated with saving and investing.

Economic Systems and Models

Analyze the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Evaluate economic theories for their compatibility with democracy.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of major economic systems found around the world.

Critique inequalities that exist in economic systems.

Use economic data to evaluate the positive and negative aspects of U.S. capitalism in relationship to other economic systems.

Analyze how national and global economic trends, practices, and policies impact the state and local economies in New Mexico.

Critique the impact of globalization on New Mexico and its citizens.

Evaluate the impact of environmental externalities in New Mexico's communities.

Evaluate opportunities for economic diversification that can significantly impact state and local conditions.

Money and Markets

Explain how buyers and sellers interact to create markets and market structures.

Evaluate how a variety of factors and conditions in a market determine price and the allocation of scarce goods and resources.

Evaluate the role played by competition in the market.

Evaluate the role of financial institutions in a market economy.

Analyze the role of money in the economy.

Critique specific government policies or regulations initiated to improve market outcomes and the consequences, both intended and unintended experienced by individuals, business, communities, and states.

Generate possible explanations for a government role in markets when market inefficiencies exist.

Evaluate the causes and implications of market failures.

Explain how governments establish the rules and institutions in which markets operate at the local, state, tribal, national, and international levels.

Use economic indicators and data to analyze the health of the U.S. economy in relation to other countries.

Evaluate how fiscal and monetary policy choices have economic consequences for different stakeholders in a variety of economic conditions.

Evaluate foreign and domestic issues related to U.S. economic growth over time.

Explain the effect of advancements in technology and training on economic growth and standards of living across diverse groups and circumstances.

Global Economy

Explain how current globalization trends and policies affect economic growth, labor, markets, rights of citizens, the environment, and resource and income distribution in different nations.

Explain how economic conditions and policies in one nation increasingly affect economic conditions and policies in other nations.

Evaluate how geography, demographics, industry structure, and the rules of economic institutions influence a nation's economic development.

Analyze why a country might participate in global trade.

Connect how trade agreements between nations have short-and long-term effects.

Construct an argument about how global interdependence impacts individuals, institutions, and societies based on documented evidence.

Personal Financial Literacy

Explain how and why people make choices to improve their economic well-being.

Compare the costs and benefits of saving, using credit, and or making certain types of financial investments.

Evaluate how and why individuals choose to accept risk, reduce risk, or transfer risk to others.

Investigate ways that personal information is fraudulently obtained.

Identify voluntary (e.g., retirement contributions) and involuntary deductions (e.g., payroll taxes) and how they impact net income.

Prepare a budget or spending plan that depicts varying sources of income, a planned saving strategy, taxes, and other sources of fixed and variable spending.

Evaluate options for payment on credit cards and the consequences of each option.

Describe how a credit score impacts the ability to borrow money and at what rate.

Identify various strategies students can use to finance higher education and how to access student aid through completion of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

Calculate the total cost of repaying a loan under various rates of interest and over different time periods.

Explain what a mortgage is, why most Americans require one to finance a home, and the challenges of financing mortgages on tribal land.

Explain how investing may build wealth and help meet financial goals (e.g., stocks, bonds, mutual funds, retirement savings options, real estate).

Explain various types of insurance and the purpose of using insurance to protect financial interests.

Construct Compelling and Supporting Questions

Create compelling questions representing key ideas within the disciplines.

Develop supporting questions that contribute to an inquiry and demonstrate how, through engaging source work, new compelling and supporting questions emerge.

Gather and Evaluate Sources

Gather relevant information from multiple sources representing a wide range of views while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection.

Evaluate the credibility of a source by examining how experts value the source.

Develop Claims

Identify evidence that draws information directly and substantively from multiple sources to detect inconsistencies in evidence in order to revise or strengthen claims.

Refine claims and counterclaims attending to precision, significance, and knowledge conveyed through the claim while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both.

Communicate and Critique Conclusions

Construct arguments using precise and knowledgeable claims, with evidence from multiple sources, Communicate and while acknowledging counterclaims and evidentiary weaknesses. Critique Conclusions

Construct explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples, and details with significant and pertinent information and data, while acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of the explanations given their purpose.

Present adaptations of arguments and explanations that feature evocative ideas and perspectives on issues and topics to reach a range of audiences and venues outside the classroom using print and oral technologies and digital technologies.

Critique the use of claims and evidence in arguments for credibility.

Take Informed Action

Use disciplinary and interdisciplinary lenses to understand the characteristics and causes of local, Informed Action regional, and global problems; instances of such problems in multiple contexts; and challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address these problems over time and place.

Apply a range of deliberative and democratic strategies and procedures to make decisions and take action in their classrooms, schools, and out-of-school contexts.

Geographic Representations and Reasoning

Analyze the characteristics and purposes and uses of geographic tools, knowledge, and skills.

Create maps to display and explain the spatial patterns of culture and environment.

Interpret geographic characteristics of cultures, economies, and political systems.

Analyze geographic representations to explain changes over time.

Apply geographic knowledge and geospatial skills to interpret the past and present to make informed decisions.

Location, Place, and Region

Interpret the reciprocal relationship between physical, geographical locations and the patterns and processes humans create within them.

Evaluate the process of place-making and the development of place-based identity.

Explain the distinguishing features of formal, functional, and perceptual regions.

Movement, Population, and Systems

Explain the causes, characteristics, and impact of human movement (migration, immigration, emigration) and settlement patterns at local, national, and global scales.

Evaluate the causes, characteristics, and impact of diffusion: the spread of ideas, religion, beliefs, cultural practices and traits, language, artifacts, methods, technologies, and diseases over time.

Describe how human systems, perceptions, and identities shape places and regions over time.

Analyze and predict how location, place, and region impact the evolution of human perspectives and identities.

Describe how particular historical events and developments shape human processes and systems in a given place or region over time.

Predict future social, political, economic, cultural, religious, spiritual, and environmental opportunities as well as obstacles associated with movement, population, decision making, and perspectives in a given place or region.

Human-Environmental Interactions and Sustainability

Develop reasoned ethical judgments about people, places, events, phenomena, ideas, or developments, and determine appropriate ways to respond.

Analyze shifting U.S. government environmental policies and regulations in response to changing human-environmental interactions.

Evaluate the consequences of human-made and natural catastrophes on global trade, politics, and human migration.

Assess the reciprocal relationship between the physical environment and culture within local, national, and global scales.

Evaluate how economic globalization and the scarcity of resources contribute to conflict and cooperation within and among countries.

Analyze how the forces of cooperation and conflict within and among people, nations, and empires influence the division and control of Earth's surface and resources.

Assess how social, economic, political, and environmental developments at global, national, regional and local levels affect the sustainability of modern and traditional cultures.

Construct Compelling and Supporting Questions

Create compelling questions representing key ideas within the disciplines.

Develop supporting questions that contribute to an inquiry and demonstrate how, through engaging source work, new compelling and supporting questions emerge.

Gather and Evaluate Sources

Gather relevant information from multiple sources representing a wide range of views while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection.

Evaluate the credibility of a source by examining how experts value the source.

Develop Claims

Identify evidence that draws information directly and substantively from multiple sources to detect inconsistencies in evidence in order to revise or strengthen claims.

Refine claims and counterclaims attending to precision, significance, and knowledge conveyed through the claim while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both.

Communicate and Critique Conclusions

Construct arguments using precise and knowledgeable claims, with evidence from multiple sources while acknowledging counterclaims and evidentiary weaknesses.

Construct explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples, and details with significant and pertinent information and data, while acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of the explanations given their purpose.

Present adaptations of arguments and explanations that feature evocative ideas and perspectives on issues and topics to reach a range of audiences and venues outside the classroom using print, oral, and digital technologies.

Critique the use of claims and evidence in arguments for credibility.

Take Informed Action

Use disciplinary and interdisciplinary lenses to understand the characteristics and causes of local, regional, and global problems; instances of such problems in multiple contexts; and challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address these problems over time and place.

Apply a range of deliberative and democratic strategies and procedures to make decisions and take action in their classrooms, schools, and out-of-school contexts.

Historical Change, Continuity, Context, and Reconciliation

Connect various disputes that occurred as a result of Article X being stricken from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Assess the changes of the land and society initiated by the railroad system, along with the immigrant population it brought to the New Mexico territory.

Evaluate efforts by the people of New Mexico to become a state and analyze outside perspectives to the entrance of New Mexico as a state.

Interpret data and evidence to conduct periodization of key events and contributions by key people to the events that occurred during the early 20th century.

Analyze the civil rights era in New Mexico using multiple perspectives.

Cause and Consequence

Examine the causes and effects of the Civil War and the battles that ensued within New Mexico.

Explain how the Homestead Act of 1862 impacted the demographics of New Mexico.

Probe the beginnings of the boarding school system and its ramifications on Indigenous communities in New Mexico and abroad.

Analyze the causes and effects of the Dust Bowl in New Mexico and how it changed or eliminated communities.

Historical Thinking

Demonstrate historical argumentation by using various resources and perspectives to show the impact of World War II on the people of New Mexico and the impact that the state's citizens and resident populations had on the war.

Examine the development of the first atomic bomb and the dawn of the nuclear age born in New Mexico.

Explain the importance of military research and testing facilities in New Mexico during the Cold War and today.

Analyze multiple perspectives of how water use, policy, and management has changed over the centuries in New Mexico.

Evaluate the importance of preserving historical sites, culture, and New Mexico's resources.

Critical Consciousness and Perspectives

Dissect the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and evaluate how the different people of New Mexico were addressed and impacted by the document.

Evaluate the role of race and racism in the acts of land redistribution during the territorial period.

Power Dynamics, Leadership, and Agency

Examine the rights that were guaranteed to New Mexico citizens in Article IX of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the reason why Article X would have been stricken.

Contextualize the struggles toward statehood by including the Hispanic and Indigenous populations' resistance to newcomers.

Compare and contrast the liberties of people living within a territory vs. a state.

Compare organizations engaged in civil rights work.

Diversity and Identity

Assess how social policies and economic forces offer privilege or systemic inequity in accessing social, political, and economic opportunity for identity groups in education, government, healthcare, industry, and law enforcement.

Civic and Political Institutions

Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the three branches of the federal and state governments.

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Analyze the requirements for statehood.

Civic Dispositions and Democratic Principles

Define sovereignty and explore how tribal sovereignty has been interpreted over time by Indigenous peoples and distinguish ways in which the different tribes in New Mexico conduct governmental affairs.

Economic Decision Making

Discuss the sequence of events that led to the Great Depression and the implementation of New Deal programs in New Mexico, including the efficacy of the programs for different communities.

Analyze the private and public industries that have impacted New Mexico's economy.

Evaluate the main sources of income for Indigenous populations and how they might be different.

Global Economy

Summarize how the United States and Soviet Union emerged from World War II as superpowers and articulate the difference between communism and capitalism.

Location, Place, and Region

Explain the impact of the military bases and weapons testing sites in New Mexico as influenced by World War II and the Cold War.

Give examples of the different types of sites and activities that would make people want to tour aspects of New Mexico

Human-Environmental Interactions and Sustainability

Examine the changes in the plains of New Mexico as irrigation and cattle ranches expanded into the territory.

Analyze the pros and cons of New Mexico's role in the production of uranium-fueled weapons built during the Cold War.

Analyze how New Mexicans maintain an agricultural industry given that they live in one of the driest states in the country.