Principles and Documents
The student understands the principles and documents of the United States and Pennsylvania governments.
What does a student learn in
Mastery Learning Standards
The required skills a student should display by the end of Grade 12.
Civics and Government
Civics and Government
- Grades 11-12
- Grades 11-12
Rights and Responsibilities
The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens and the rule of law.
- Grades 11-12
Government Structure
The student understands the structure, organization, and operation of governments at the local, state, and federal levels.
- Grades 11-12
International Relations
The student understands how nations interact through diplomacy, trade, treaties, and conflict.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Principles and Documents Grades 11-12 | The student understands the principles and documents of the United States and Pennsylvania governments. | PA-SS.CIV.11-12.1 |
| Rights and Responsibilities Grades 11-12 | The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens and the rule of law. | PA-SS.CIV.11-12.2 |
| Government Structure Grades 11-12 | The student understands the structure, organization, and operation of governments at the local, state, and federal levels. | PA-SS.CIV.11-12.3 |
| International Relations Grades 11-12 | The student understands how nations interact through diplomacy, trade, treaties, and conflict. | PA-SS.CIV.11-12.4 |
Economics
Economics
- Grades 11-12
Scarcity and Choice
The student understands how scarcity drives choices and trade-offs for individuals, families, and societies.
- Grades 11-12
Markets and Economic Systems
The student understands how markets, prices, and competition allocate resources in different economic systems.
- Grades 11-12
Money and Banking
The student understands the role of money, banking, and credit in personal finance and the economy.
- Grades 11-12
Economic Decision Making
The student applies economic reasoning to personal financial decisions and to public-policy questions.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Scarcity and Choice Grades 11-12 | The student understands how scarcity drives choices and trade-offs for individuals, families, and societies. | PA-SS.ECON.11-12.1 |
| Markets and Economic Systems Grades 11-12 | The student understands how markets, prices, and competition allocate resources in different economic systems. | PA-SS.ECON.11-12.2 |
| Money and Banking Grades 11-12 | The student understands the role of money, banking, and credit in personal finance and the economy. | PA-SS.ECON.11-12.3 |
| Economic Decision Making Grades 11-12 | The student applies economic reasoning to personal financial decisions and to public-policy questions. | PA-SS.ECON.11-12.4 |
Geography
Geography
- Grades 11-12
Geographic Tools and Spatial Concepts
The student uses maps, globes, and spatial concepts to describe places and regions of the world.
- Grades 11-12
Physical Characteristics
The student describes physical characteristics of places and regions, including landforms, climates, and ecosystems.
- Grades 11-12
Human Characteristics
The student analyzes human characteristics of places and regions, including culture, settlement, and economic activity.
- Grades 11-12
Human-Environment Interaction
The student analyzes how people adapt to and modify their environments and the consequences of those interactions.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Geographic Tools and Spatial Concepts Grades 11-12 | The student uses maps, globes, and spatial concepts to describe places and regions of the world. | PA-SS.GEO.11-12.1 |
| Physical Characteristics Grades 11-12 | The student describes physical characteristics of places and regions, including landforms, climates, and ecosystems. | PA-SS.GEO.11-12.2 |
| Human Characteristics Grades 11-12 | The student analyzes human characteristics of places and regions, including culture, settlement, and economic activity. | PA-SS.GEO.11-12.3 |
| Human-Environment Interaction Grades 11-12 | The student analyzes how people adapt to and modify their environments and the consequences of those interactions. | PA-SS.GEO.11-12.4 |
History
History
- Grades 11-12
Historical Analysis
The student applies historical analysis to interpret events, individuals, and ideas in the United States and the world.
- Grades 11-12
Pennsylvania History
The student understands key events, individuals, and movements in Pennsylvania history and their connection to national developments.
- Grades 11-12
United States History
The student understands key events and movements in United States history at the grade-level scope.
- Grades 11-12
World History
The student understands key events and movements in world history at the grade-level scope.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Historical Analysis Grades 11-12 | The student applies historical analysis to interpret events, individuals, and ideas in the United States and the world. | PA-SS.HIST.11-12.1 |
| Pennsylvania History Grades 11-12 | The student understands key events, individuals, and movements in Pennsylvania history and their connection to national developments. | PA-SS.HIST.11-12.2 |
| United States History Grades 11-12 | The student understands key events and movements in United States history at the grade-level scope. | PA-SS.HIST.11-12.3 |
| World History Grades 11-12 | The student understands key events and movements in world history at the grade-level scope. | PA-SS.HIST.11-12.4 |
Assessments
The state tests students at this grade and subject take.
NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress)
Federally administered sample-based assessment in reading, mathematics, science, and writing. NAEP results inform state-by-state comparisons rather than individual student or school accountability.
- When given:
- biennial in winter
- Frequency:
- every two years