What does a student learn in StateWest Virginia,GradeGrade 9,SubjectSocial Studies?

Interpret, use and construct maps, globes, and other geographic tools to locate and derive information about personal directions, people, places, and environments (The World in Spatial Terms).

Describe the physical and human characteristics of place and explain how the lives of people are rooted in places and regions (Places and Regions).

Describe and explain the physical processes that shape the earth’s surface and create, sustain, and modify the cultural and natural environment (Physical Systems).

Identify, explain, and analyze how the earth is shaped by the movement of people and their activities (Human Systems).

Analyze the interaction of society with the environment (Environment and Society).

Explain geographic perspective and the tools and techniques available for geographic study (Uses of Geography).

Analyze the world and account for consequences of human/environment interactions depicting the geographic implications of world events.

Explain components of the Earth’s physical systems and their interrelationships (e.g., landforms, bodies of water, atmosphere, and geologic factors).

Identify factors that contribute to human and physical changes in places and regions.

Identify and define the world’s physical and cultural regions, including political and historical characteristics, and their interdependence in regard to trade, services, migration, and cultural values.

Analyze populations with regard to life expectancy, infant mortality rates, population pyramids, migration, and birth and death rates.

Evaluate the impact of migration on physical and human systems.

Use different types of maps, terminology, and geographic tools to analyze features on Earth to investigate and solve geographic questions.

Analyze growth, decline, and development of cities over time.

Apply correct vocabulary and geographic tools to determine and illustrate geographic concepts (e.g., major meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude, physical features, landforms, bodies of water, climatic regions, states and their capitals, and relative and exact location).

Explain how altering the environment has brought prosperity to some places and created environmental dilemmas for others.

Apply geography skills to help investigate issues and justify possible resolutions involving people, places, and environments.

Determine the most appropriate maps and graphics in an atlas for analyzing geographic issues regarding the growth and development of the United States (e.g., topography, movement of people, transportation routes, settlement patterns, growth of population and cities, etc.).

Compare and contrast the impact of competition for limited resources on an interdependent global economy (e.g., distribution, sustainability, conflict, and resolution).

Evaluate how people express attachment to places and regions (e.g., by reference to essays, novels, poems, short stories, feature films, and songs).

Examine global social and political factors and their implications.

Explain how migration of people and movement of goods and ideas can enrich cultures, but also create tensions.

Explain how the uneven distribution of resources in the world can lead to conflict, competition, or cooperation among nations, regions, and cultural groups.

Analyze ethnicity, nationalism, and religion of regional cultures in a global society (e.g., major world religions, various ethnic groups, and rigidity of societal norms).

Analyze the impact of migration on the quality of life over different historical time periods (e.g., Colonial America, westward movement, late 19th and early 20th centuries, and impact of epidemics).

Analyze the characteristics of the cultural contributions of indigenous and non- indigenous peoples to the United States.

Use maps, charts, and graphs to depict the geographic implications of world events.

Analyze the influence of geographical features on the evolution of significant historic events and movements.

Analyze the impact of the environment, including the location of natural resources, on immigration and settlement patterns throughout United States history.

Analyze the impact of technology or its lack on environments and societies over time.

Analyze connections between physical geography and isolation from the world community which result in cultural and political instability.

Analyze the ways in which physical and cultural geography have influenced significant historic events and movements.

Identify causes and draw conclusions about landless cultures.

Compare and contrast standards of living in poverty-stricken areas with advanced societies (e.g., basic needs, education, economic opportunities, and technological advances).

Utilize various geographic information systems to gain insight into people and their place in the world.

Analyze and evaluate the changing boundaries of world maps as a result of wars (e.g., Europe, World War I, World War II, Cold War Era, and conflicts in the Middle East).

Apply correct vocabulary and geographic tools to determine and illustrate geographic concepts (e.g., major meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude, physical features, landforms, bodies of water, climatic regions, states and their capitals, and relative and exact location).

Apply census data to analyze the demographics of population growth that lead to the exhaustion of resources and cultural conflict (e.g., water, agricultural land, energy, and food supplies).

Determine the most appropriate maps and graphics in an atlas for analyzing geographic issues regarding the growth and development of the United States (e.g., topography, movement of people, transportation routes, settlement patterns, growth of population and cities, etc.).

Explain how natural resources of various world regions impact foreign and economic policy decisions.

Evaluate the impact of health and cultural considerations on the quality of life over different historical time periods.

Demonstrate an understanding of the events that illustrate the United States’ emergence as a world power beginning in 1914.

Analyze the characteristics of cultural contributions of Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanics, and all immigrants (e.g., Germans, Italians, Irish, etc.).

Analyze United States isolationism, neutrality and entanglement in world affairs.

Analyze the ways in which physical and cultural geography have influenced significant historic events and movements.

List and explain underlying causes, major players and the effects of World War I.

Use geospatial and related technologies to create maps to display and explain the spatial patterns of cultural and environmental characteristics.

Use maps, satellite images, photographs, and other representations to explain relationships between the locations of places and regions and their political, cultural, and economic dynamics.

Explain the connection between the introduction of modern warfare, advancement of military technology and the massive casualties in World War I.

Evaluate the changing boundaries of world maps as a result of wars.

Analyze the primary motivations behind Wilson’s idealistic Fourteen Points and the subsequent failure of the League.

Analyze relationships and interactions within and between human and physical systems to explain reciprocal influences that occur among them.

Compare relief efforts and interventions of the 1918 pandemic to modern global health concerns.

Evaluate how past political and economic decisions have influenced cultural and environmental characteristics of various places and regions.

Evaluate the impact of human settlement activities on the environmental and cultural characteristics of specific places and regions.

Explain how changes in transportation and communication technology influence the spatial connections among human settlements and affect the diffusion of ideas and cultural practices.

Analyze the reciprocal nature of how historical events and the spatial diffusion of ideas, technologies, and cultural practices have influenced migration patterns and the distribution of human population.

Evaluate how economic globalization and the expanding use of scarce resources contribute to conflict and cooperation within and among countries.

Evaluate the effects of human-made and natural catastrophes on global trade, politics, and human migration.

Use census data and public records to identify patterns of change and continuity to understand the impact of the following on society.

Zoning

Migration

Ethnicity

Income

Gender Differences

Age Differences

Education

Voting Behavior

Family Structure

Conduct research using demographic data to interpret, debate, and evaluate the geopolitical implications of a variety of global issues.

Environment and Environmental Protection

Political and Cultural Boundaries

Women’s Rights

Cultural Diversity and Assimilation

Religion

Standard of Living

Analyze the role of sustainable development in the lives of 21st Century citizens (e.g. renewable energy, recycling, reusing, land use policy, ocean management and energy policy) to balance healthy economic growth with environmental protection.

Analyze the consequences of human and environmental interaction using geographic information systems.

Explore various routes of personal travel and topography using geographic information systems.

Compare and contrast the factors of development for developed and developing countries, including the causes and implications of the following:

population (including migration, immigration, birth rate, and life expectancy);

natural resources and environmental protection;

income, industry, trade, and Gross Domestic Product;

climate and geographic conditions;

cultural and social factors;

political management, legal system, and stability;

educational opportunities; and

standard of living.

Identify the issues regarding the evolution of United States citizenship and evaluate responsibilities and rights of United States citizens (e.g., landownership, race, gender, and age).

Analyze the extent to which the fundamental United States democratic values and principles of republicanism and constitutionalism impact global conflicts among individuals, communities, and nations.

Describe the roles of citizens and their responsibilities (e.g., classical civilizations, feudal systems, developing nation states and neo-feudal systems, democratic and communist regimes, and 21st century society).

Be aware of the importance of informed citizens who actively participate in the preservation and improvement of American government through community service and service-learning (e.g., individual service projects, patriotic events, mock trials, group initiatives, community volunteerism).

Evaluate the extent to which the U.S. Constitution impacts conflicts between individuals, communities and nations, liberty, equality, individual rights, and the rule of law vs. ethics (e.g., civil disobedience).

Evaluate, then defend the importance of the fundamental democratic values and principles of United States constitutional democracy within a global context including conflicts between individuals, communities and nations:

Liberty and equality.

Explore social contracts and the establishment of the rule of law, and evaluate how the balance (or relationship) between limited government and the rule of law protect individual rights.

Analyze and connect the status, roles, and responsibilities of free men, women, children, slaves, and migrants across time in various civilizations.

Demonstrate an understanding of the duties of citizens that are necessary to preserve United States democracy (e.g., become informed and active in a democracy, through jury duty, paying taxes, public forums (local, state, and/or federal), voting, and conscription.).

Demonstrate that the purpose of American government is the protection of personal, political and economic rights of citizens as evidenced by the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, Constitutional Amendments, and the ideas of those involved in the establishment of American government.

Liberty and equality.

Analyze and evaluate various ways of organizing systems of government to illustrate the continuity and change in the role of government over time (e.g., Hammurabi’s Code, the Twelve Tables of Rome, Justinian Code, Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Articles of Confederation (1777), U.S. Constitution, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and Treaty of Versailles).

Individual rights and the common good.

Analyze the changing perceptions of United States citizenship and evaluate responsibilities and rights of United States citizens (e.g., landownership, race, gender, and age).

Consider factors that subvert liberty (including lack of education, voter apathy, disenfranchisement, civil inequalities, economic issues, loss of public trust, and misuse of government power), then collaborate, compromise, and by consensus, create a model that informed citizens can use to defend and perpetuate the American Republic.

Examine, select, and participate in a volunteer service or project.

Individual rights and the common good.

Majority rule and minority rights.

Compare and contrast political ideologies in order to analyze the evolving role of government in world affairs prior to the year 1900 (e.g., democracies, republics, dictatorships, various types of monarchies, oligarchies, theocracies, and parliamentary systems).

Research and categorize multiple current and historical world aid organizations and assess the importance of global volunteerism as a 21st century citizen (e.g., Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders, Human Rights Campaign, International Red Cross, Invisible Children, Peace Corps, etc.).

Rule of Law and ethics (e.g., civil disobedience).

Examine and analyze the contributing factors to the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

Majority rule and minority rights.

Patriotism.

Distinguish the powers and responsibilities of local, state, tribal, national, and international civic and political institutions.

Leaders and philosophers (e.g., John Locke, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson John Adams, and Natural Rights philosophy).

The rule of law (e.g., civil disobedience).

Events (e.g., Glorious Revolution, Reformation, and Enlightenment)

Ethics.

Analyze the duties of citizens that are necessary to promote global democracy.

Analyze the roles of citizens in the United States political system.

Explain how the U.S. Constitution establishes a system of government that has powers, responsibilities, and limits that have changed over time and that are still contested.

Public forums (local, national, and/or global).

Patriotism.

Documents (e.g., English Bill of Rights, Petition of Right, and Magna Carta)

Critique relationships among governments, civil societies, and economic markets.

Compare various citizens’ responses to controversial government policies and actions by monitoring and debating government decisions, and create a cooperative and peaceful solution to controversial government policies and actions.

Analysis of voting apathy and resulting consequences.

Classical periods (e.g., eras of Greece, Rome, and Classical Republicanism).

Evaluate the social and political systems that, in different contexts, times, and places, promote civic virtues and demonstrate democratic principles.

Personal freedoms throughout the world.

Principles (e.g., popular sovereignty, federalism, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, civil liberties, rule of law, republicanism, and Constitutional principles).

Develop an understanding of civil public discourse.

Analyze the impact and the appropriate roles of personal interests and perspectives on the application of civic virtues, democratic principles, constitutional rights, and human rights.

Judeo-Christian influence.

Role of international government and non-government organizations (e.g., League of Nations and United Nations).

Civic engagement.

Examine the compromises of the Constitutional Convention and how those decisions were characterized in the Federalist and the Anti-Federalist papers.

Analyze ways United States and world conflicts can be resolved in a cooperative and peaceful manner (e.g., United Nations, etc.).

Evaluate multiple procedures for making governmental decisions at all levels.

Analyze multiple media sources and their influence on public opinion and policy issues.

Analyze how people use and influence local, state, national, and international laws in order to address a variety of public issues.

Evaluate the elements in the U.S. Constitution that make it a living document with democratic principles that are modified and expanded to meet the changing needs of society.

Evaluate court cases essential to fundamental democratic principles and values (e.g., Brown v. BOE Topeka, Miranda v. Arizona, Roe v. Wade, Gideon v. Wainwright, Obergefell v. Hodges, Tinker v. Des Moines, etc.).

Analyze media bias and reliability.

Investigate the system of government created by the Preamble, Seven Articles, the Bill of Rights, and other Amendments of the U.S. Constitution to evaluate how the framework for American society is provided.

Analyze and evaluate court cases essential to fundamental democratic principles and values (e.g., Brown v. BOE Topeka, Miranda v. Arizona, Roe v. Wade, Mapp v. Ohio, Schenck v. U.S., Doe v. Holder, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Baker v. Carr, Korematsu v. US, Gideon v. Wainwright, et al.).

Evaluate public policies in terms of intended and unintended outcomes, and their related consequences.

Select and participate in a volunteer service or project with a community or Veteran’s organization (e.g., American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Women Veterans of America, Ronald McDonald House, Special Olympics, 4-H, etc.).

Analyze how the U.S. Constitution defines federalism and outlines a structure for the United States government.

Select and participate in a volunteer service or project with a community or Veteran’s organization (e.g., American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Women Veterans of America, Ronald McDonald House, Special Olympics, 4-H, etc.).

Analyze historical, contemporary, and emerging means of changing societies, while still promoting the common good and protecting rights.

Analyze the protection of liberties in the Bill of Rights and their expansion through judicial review and the gradual incorporation of those rights by the Fourteenth Amendment.

Analyze how the freedoms of speech and press in a democratic society enable citizens to develop informed opinions, express their views, shape public policy, and monitor government actions.

Determine how conflicts between the rights of citizens and society’s need for order can be resolved while preserving both liberty and safety.

Compare and contrast the original and appellate jurisdictions of local, state, and national judicial systems to show how America’s court system addresses criminal and civil cases.

Apply the concepts of legal precedent through past and present landmark Supreme Court cases, interpretations of the U.S. Constitution by the Supreme Court and the impact of these decisions on American society.

Develop an understanding of the American legal system through examining existing ordinances, statutes and Federal Acts, exploring the differences between criminal and civil law, and determining the legal obligations and liabilities of American citizenship.

Critique the evolution of the two-party system in the United States, evaluate how society and political parties have changed over time and analyze how political parties function today.

Examine the influence of the media on public opinion and on the decisions of elected officials and the bureaucracy.

Bias in reporting and editorials.

Push-pull polls and selective reporting of citizen opinions.

Advertising and campaign ads.

Reporting news out of context.

Investigate the impact that special interest groups have on shaping public policy at local, state, and national levels.

Assess how factors such as campaign finance, participation of the electorate, and demographic factors influence the outcome of elections.

Examine how decisions and policies of state and local government impact the lives of citizens, such as local issues and problems, structure of local government (e.g., differences in incorporation, providing public services and mayoral styles), zoning and annexation, land use and urban sprawl, and ordinances and jurisdiction.

Explore cooperation, competition, and conflict among nations through organizations, agreements and protocols, political acts, and other exchanges, such as the United Nations, international treaties and terrorism, to evaluate potential solutions to global issues.

Compare and contrast the values, ideals, and principles that are the foundation of a democratic republic and the role citizens play in a constitutional democracy, to the theories and practices of non-democratic governments (e.g., socialism found in communism and nationalism found in fascism).

Examine how the First Amendment provides for freedom of religion and examine the following:

Free Exercise Clause.

Establishment Clause.

Develop an understanding of how the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments provide citizens with legal protections/defendants’ rights.

Develop an understanding of how the Fourteenth Amendment provides for equal protection and due process.

Develop questions through investigations.

Apply disciplinary concepts and tools.

Evaluate sources and use evidence.

Communicate conclusions and take informed action.

Explain the origins of sociology, the sociological perspective, research methodologies, and theoretical perspectives in sociology.

Analyze and evaluate the development and evolution of culture and socialization within society.

Analyze causes and effects of social inequality, theories of deviance and crime, and maintenance of social order.

Examine social changes and summarize the impact on society.

Trace the origins of sociology and the sociological perspective, and determine how sociology relates to the other social sciences.

Identify major research methods in sociology and the ethical practices used to guide research.

Compare and evaluate the theoretical perspectives of Structural Functionalism, Symbolic Interaction, and Conflict Theory.

Identify the basic components of culture and evaluate the importance of culture in society.

Analyze the components of cultural change and diversity (e.g., norms, beliefs, values, dehumanization, cults, multiculturalism, ethnocentrism, cultural relevance, folk culture, counterculture, subculture, and culture shock).

Compare and contrast material and non-material culture.

Analyze the impact of globalization on the United States and other world cultures and make predictions about future trends.

Explain the components of social structure; including status, role, and social institutions.

Research theories and stereotypes of poverty, and trace its relationship to geography and opportunity (e.g., access to healthcare/education, unemployment, housing.)

Identify the various social institutions in society (i.e., family, education, religion, economics, government/politics, medicine, military, law, science, and mass media).

Investigate the evolution of family structures and their impact on the individual in society.

Investigate aging and the process of death and dying in historical and contemporary world societies.

Compare and contrast various types of societies (e.g., developed vs. underdeveloped, urban vs. rural, industrialized vs. unindustrialized).

Categorize groups within a society by comparing primary and secondary groups, in and out groups, reference groups, and social networks.

Analyze the components, varieties, and functions of group dynamics; including factors such as group size, leadership, and authority.

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of formal organizations and bureaucracies (e.g., unions, universities, public education, service organizations, veterans, churches).

Identify and evaluate the stages of socialization; including roles and responsibilities, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Evaluate the factors that socialize the individual (i.e., family, marital status, peers, education, gender, ethnicity, media, religion).

Describe how norms and values aid in the development of social control in society.

Analyze and evaluate the causes and consequences of deviant behavior on both the individual and society.

Examine the methods of social control in different types of societies and evaluate how groups and institutions promote social obedience and impose conformity.

Analyze the functions and inequalities of the criminal justice system in relation to a society’s construct of crime and punishment.

Evaluate the effectiveness of institutions in the rehabilitation and resocialization process.

Explain how unequal distribution of power and resources affects the life chance of individuals in society.

Research the sources and effects of global stratification society (i.e., race, ethnicity, gender, age; and emotional, mental, and physical disabilities).

List the various forms of collective behavior (e.g., crowds, riots, rumors, panics, mass hysteria, moral panics, fads, and urban legends).

Evaluate the impact of technology on social change.

Analyze the impact of demographic changes and changes in settlement patterns on a society (e.g., population, migration, mortality).

Analyze the role of economic choices in scarcity, supply and demand, resource allocation, decision-making, voluntary exchange, and trade-offs (Choices).

Research, critique, and evaluate the roles of private and public institutions in the economy (Institutions).

Compare and contrast various economic systems and analyze their impact on individual citizens.

Describe and demonstrate how the factors of production apply to the United States economic system (Factors of Production).

Analyze the elements of competition and how they impact the economy (Competition).

Examine and evaluate the interdependence of global economies.

Identify the role of market factors in the settlement of the United States and the development of the free enterprise system and trace economic development throughout United States History (e.g., Colonial period, Revolutionary War, Westward Expansion, Civil War, and late 19th/early 20th centuries).

Explain and give examples showing how scarcity of goods and services forces people to make choices about needs and wants.

Examine and illustrate the trade patterns (e.g., resource allocation, mercantilism, and other economic systems) of regions of the world across time and explain their significance to the evolution of global economics.

Analyze the debate surrounding Alexander Hamilton’s economic policies and evaluate their effect on the formation and direction of the nation’s economy (e.g., Bank of the United States, etc.).

Differentiate economic policy in the United States during each era (e.g., Colonial period, Revolutionary, Westward Expansion, Civil War, and late 19th/early 20th centuries) through types of taxes, taxation controversies, the effects of foreign trade, and tariff policies.

Analyze how the scarcity of natural, technological, capital, and human resources requires economic systems to make choices about the distribution of goods and services.

Identify types of exchange systems (e.g., barter, money) and the role forms of currency play in acquiring goods and services.

Explain the role that supply and demand, prices, incentives, and profits play in determining what is produced and distributed in a free enterprise system.

Analyze the importance of family, labor specialization, industrialization, and regional commerce in the development of global trade systems.

Analyze the evolution of American manufacturing and its impact on skilled and unskilled labor from apprenticeship, to artisanry, to the market revolution, to the birth of the labor movement, and the Industrial Revolution.

Define scarcity, demonstrate the role of opportunity costs in decision making, and examine economic reasons for the rise and fall of civilizations (e.g., Roman Empire, the Crusades and Imperialism, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

Analyze the impact of mercantilism and triangular trade on the emergence of colonial economies (e.g., goals of mercantilism, the mother country’s interests vs. colonial interests, regional economies, agriculture vs. manufacturing, colonial products and raw materials, and transition from mercantilism to free enterprise capitalism).

Explain and give examples of opportunity costs (trade-offs) and scarcity, and analyze how these concepts are the basis of other concepts in economics.

Compare and contrast examples of private and public goods and services.

Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of capitalism and compare the basic components of other economic systems (e.g., Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations).

Evaluate the costs and benefits of allocating goods and services through public and private means.

Describe and compare relationships among economic institutions (e.g., households, businesses, banks, government agencies, and labor unions).

Explain how specialization and division of labor in economic systems increase productivity.

Describe the role of money and other forms of exchange in the economic process.

Compare and analyze how values and beliefs influence economic decisions in different economic systems.

Analyze the impact the United States industrialized economy had on the outcome of World War I and subsequent wars (e.g., Lend/Lease Act, National Interstate Defensive Highways Act, NASA, and nuclear arms race).

Assess how various executive initiatives and legislative acts have influenced the United States economy (e.g., New Deal, Great Society, Space Race, and Strategic Defense Initiative).

Trace economic development throughout United States History (e.g., Colonial period, Revolutionary War, Westward Expansion, Civil War, and late 19th/early 20th centuries) and identify the role of market factors in the settlement of the United States and the development of the free enterprise system.

Evaluate economic systems according to how laws, rules and procedures deal with demand, supply, and prices.

Analyze how incentives influence choices that may result in policies with a range of costs and benefits for different groups.

Evaluate historical and current social developments and issues from an economic perspective.

Demonstrate an understanding of supply and demand in various historic events that led to economic turmoil.

Evaluate the extent to which competition among sellers and among buyers exists in specific markets.

Examine the history of the relations between business and labor from industrialization to present (e.g., Mother Jones, John L. Lewis, etc.).

Explain historical and current developments and issues in local, national, and global contexts from an economic perspective.

Apply the concept of supply and demand in various historic events.

Cite evidence of the economic and cultural impact of advertising and the growth of consumerism (e.g., differentiate between wants and needs).

Describe the consequences of competition.

Use benefits and costs to evaluate the effectiveness of government policies to improve market outcomes.

Critique the competing ideologies of capitalism and socialism.

Define inflation and explain its effects on economic systems.

Analyze the causes and consequences of the United States’ national debt and its effect upon world economic systems.

Analyze the causes and consequences of the United States’ national debt and its effect upon world economic systems and foreign policy decisions.

Assess how various executive initiatives and legislative acts have influenced the United States’ economy (e.g., Fourteen Points, New Deal, Domino Theory, Great Society, Space Race, and Strategic Defense Initiative).

Describe the roles of banks and other financial institutions.

Define and analyze the use of fiscal and monetary policy in the national economic system.

Describe the roles institutions play in such things as clearly defined property rights and the rule of law in a market economy.

Understand and cite evidence of the economic and cultural impact of advertising and the growth of consumerism (e.g., differentiate between wants and needs).

Explain the process of international trade from an economic perspective.

Identify various developed countries and developing countries and evaluate their Gross Domestic Product to determine the standard of living of their citizens (e.g., health care, education, military, industrial, and agricultural capabilities).

Analyze and evaluate growth and stability in different economic systems.

Use current data to explain the influence of changes in spending, production, and the money supply on various economic conditions.

Identify various developed countries and developing countries and evaluate their Gross Domestic Product to determine the standard of living of their citizens (e.g., health care, education, military, industrial, and agricultural capabilities).

Use key economic indicators to analyze the current and future state of the economy.

Analyze a public issue from an economic perspective and propose a socially desirable solution.

Evaluate the selection of monetary and fiscal policies in a variety of economic conditions.

Evaluate the role of the factors of production in a market economy.

Compare, contrast, and evaluate different types of economies (traditional, command, market, mixed).

Explain why advancements in capital goods and human capital increase economic growth and standards of living.

Explain how current globalization trends and policies affect economic growth, labor markets, rights of citizens, the environment, and resources and income distribution in various nations.

Explain how and why people who start new businesses take risks to provide goods and services.

Identify, define and explain basic economic concepts (e.g., opportunity costs, scarcity, supply, demand, production, exchange and consumption, labor, wages, and capital, inflation and deflation, market economy and command economy, public and private goods and services).

Describe and explain the role of money, banking, savings, and budgeting in everyday life.

Distinguish between private goods and services (e.g., the family car or a local restaurant) and public goods and services (e.g., the interstate highway system or the United States Postal Service).

Compare and contrast how values and beliefs, such as economic freedom, economic efficiency, equity, full employment, price stability, security, and growth influence decisions in different economic situations.

Explain the basic characteristics of international trade, including absolute and comparative advantage, barriers to trade, exchange rates, and balance of trade.

Describe and explain global economic interdependence and competition, using examples to illustrate their influence on national and international policies.

Evaluate long-term and short-term costs in relationship to long and short-term benefits.

Identify different economic goals and the tradeoffs that must be made between economic and social goals.

Describe the aims of government fiscal policies (taxation, borrowing and spending) and their influence on production, employment, and price levels).

Explain the basic principles of the United States free enterprise system (e.g., opportunity costs, scarcity, profit motive, voluntary exchange, private property rights, and competition).

Explain the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations.

Describe characteristics and give examples of pure competition, monopolistic competition, and oligopolistic competition.

Examine the opportunity costs in ever-present scarcity for individuals, businesses, and societies to understand how to make choices when facing unlimited wants with limited resources.

Analyze the factors involved in the process of acquiring consumer goods and services including credit, interest, and insurance.

Debate an effective allocation of the factors of production that encourages healthy economic growth and sustainability while curbing environmental abuses in the global community.

Explain how supply and demand affects prices, profits, and availability of goods and services.

Describe how households, businesses, and government interact in a free-market economy.

Identify economic influences that impact business climate on the local, regional, and global level.

Track the evolution of currency throughout history to facilitate the exchange of goods and services.