What does a student learn in StateWest Virginia,GradeGrade 10,SubjectEnglish Language Arts?

Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the literary text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, recognizing when the text leaves matters uncertain.

Determine two themes or central ideas of a literary text and analyze in detail their development over the course of the literary text, including how they emerge and are shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the literary text.

Analyze how complex characters develop over the course of a literary text, interact with other characters, and affect the plot or develop the theme.

Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the informational text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the informational text, recognizing when the text leaves matters uncertain.

Determine two central ideas of an informational text and analyze their development over the course of the informational text, including how they emerge and are shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the informational text.

Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of complex ideas or events in informational texts, including the order in which the points are made, how they are developed, and how they interact.

Determine the meaning of multiple-meaning words and phrases as they are used in a literary text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place or how it sets a formal or informal tone).

Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a literary text, order events within it, and manipulate time contribute to its overall structure and create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.

Analyze and defend a particular point of view or cultural experience reflected in a work of literature from outside the United States, drawing on a wide reading of world literature.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in an informational text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze and defend the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.

Analyze and defend in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of an informational text.

Determine an author's point of view or purpose in an informational text and evaluate how the author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.

Analyze the representation, in a literary text, of a subject or a key scene in two or more different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment and why.

Analyze and defend how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific literary work.

Analyze and defend various accounts of a subject told in different mediums, determining which details are emphasized in each account.

Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims and counterclaims in an informational text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.

Analyze and defend influential U.S. documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.

By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary texts independently and proficiently, at the high end of the grade 9-10 text complexity range.

By the end of the year, read and comprehend informational texts, independently and proficiently, at the high end of the grade 9-10 text complexity range.

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.<ul><li>Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.</li><li>Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns.</li><li>Use a variety of words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence and between claim(s) and counterclaims.</li><li>Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline.</li><li>Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.</li></ul>

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.<ul><li>Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to analyze important connections and distinctions; include formatting, graphics, and multimedia when useful to aid comprehension.</li><li>Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, significant, and sufficient facts; extended definitions; concrete details, quotations, or other information; and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.</li><li>Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.</li><li>Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.</li><li>Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline.</li><li>Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.</li></ul>

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.<ul><li>Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.</li><li>Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.</li><li>Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole and build upon a particular outcome.</li><li>Use precise words and phrases, effective details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.</li><li>Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.</li></ul>

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, trying a new approach, or editing to show a command of all Language standards up to and including grade 10, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically in response to ongoing feedback.

Conduct short, as well as more sustained, research projects to answer a question, including a self-generated question, or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in terms of task, purpose, and audience and in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation (MLA or APA).

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts and apply grade-level Reading standards to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Write routinely over extended time frames for research, reflection, and/or revision and shorter time frames for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Initiate and effectively participate in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners including one-on-one, small groups, and teacher-led discussions on grade 10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing ideas clearly and persuasively.

Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas.

Work with peers to set rules for democratic, collegial discussions and decision-making (e.g., informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views); establish clear goals, deadlines, and individual roles as needed.

Propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that relate the current discussion to broader themes or larger ideas; actively incorporate others' perspectives into the discussion; and clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions.

Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives; analyze points of agreement and disagreement and, when warranted, qualify or justify views and understanding and make new connections in light of the evidence and reasoning presented.

Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source in order to make decisions and solve problems.

Evaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, assessing any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence.

Present information, findings, and supporting evidence, conveying a clear and distinct perspective, such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task.

Make strategic use of digital media in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of grade 10 Language standards, as well as formal English, when indicated or appropriate.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

Use various types of phrases including noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, or absolute and clauses including independent, dependent, noun, relative, and adverbial to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation.

Spell correctly, using reference sources as needed.

Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.

Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual (MLA Handbook or APA Handbook) appropriate for the discipline and writing type.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.

Consult general and specialized reference materials, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, part of speech, or etymology.

Verify the initial determination of the meaning of a word or phrase.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figures of speech in context and analyze their role in the text.

Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

Acquire and accurately use general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college- and career- readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.